CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 3 Metals & Non Metals

   Ratio control To control 2 valves by 1 controller i.e. 0-48% & 52-100%

Honeywell uses Fanout Block which gives 2 or more output
Gain and Bias is set in Fanout block it calculates ratio automatically eq y=mx+c m gain C bias
To calc gain for eg 0-6.5% & 6.5-100%
100/6.5 = 15.385 gain for first valve bias 0
For sec valve
Remaining 100-6.5=93.5
100/93.5=1.0695 gain for second output
Bias for second valve 100-1.0695×100 =-6.95 for second valve

Barrier PR-Phase Reversal if 0 from field Barrier will output 1 vice versa, LF- LINE FAULT

Replace FF device
To download DD files open Configuration Studio ->Control Strategy->Control Builder-> Monitor->Import DD files-(files shud b uploaded)? Will b shown Unassigned Device
If already latest updated DD files r installed system will detect the device automatically.
Devices can b assigned addresses at one time.  Once device is healthy it will show in green color like others







FIM Field Bus Module 2 FIM -> Each FIM has 4 Segment-> Field Instrument

To access FF device connect Hart Communicator 475 in FF mode to Segment Protector all connected Devices will b shown access required device Change Tagname, Address range etc
Check FIM module on monitoring device->Segment(i.e. FIM04S03)-> 4 devices
? Mark will b show if device is connected Double click, click match with existing


Modify details of Unassigned device in top table as shown in Project device in Below Table
Tab Unassigned Devices-
Change address of new device if req
Right click on device in Project->Replace device-> Validate

Later device will b displayed in Project tree check in same FIM module double click on Device AI set Range and Unit, Tune-indirect for DP FT
After that select the Inst Tag Click on Down Arrow(Load) to download to control Builder

XV Limit Switch 0 open 9 V close
If at close condition close limit sw wire removed Uncommand Inbetween alarm will appear, after connecting wire alarm will go but u have to disable it.

Woodward 505 Actual Shaft speed SI 0-50%
HP valve demand 50-100%
Dpi 880 multifunxtion calibrator for simulating Hz
500 Hz will yield 1000 rpm on woodward
Login service, wg1112
Another Woodward 505 Turbine ctrl pass word 1111

Surge protector required in GWRs 

Ultrasonic fine adj
P temp sound spd actual velocity
24ºC 3 barg 442 421   1.29
Calculated in pc aga10 software by entering Gas composition report by lab

NHT : Naphtha Hydrotreator removes S & N contents from Naphtha. Cobalt Molebdenum catalyst gets S removed as H2S. Naphtha Reactor Temp 200-260ºC P-25-45 Bars. When coke deposits on Catalyst temp needs to b increased at 400ºC Catalyst needs to b replaced unit to b shutdown
SRU: Sulfur Recovery Unit 3H2S+O2-> 2H2S+SO2
In Reactor H2S reacts with compressed air

Absorption: soacking of liquid or gas
Adsorption: the atoms, ions, or molecules from a substance adhere to a surface of the adsorbent.Unlike absorption its exothermic

Chemical adsorption or chemisorption is when the gas molecules are bound to the surface by a chemical bond.
Physical adsorption also known as physisorption occurs when the gas molecules are bound by the sum of attractive or repulsive forces between molecules and electrostatic forces.

Preventive Maintenance

Zero Check
Flushing of Impulse lines
Calibration of PT TT LT FT Control Valve
TT shud b same as TG
PT shud b same as PG
FT shud b same as Mechanical FT
Corrective maintenance Breakdown handling
Calibration of AGT with 0 & Span Gas

Vanguard CCC PLC
Check quaterly free movement of fans, check if any wear, clean them
Replace Fan Tray assembly every 5 years

Thermocouple color code Ansi
J White Red Iron Constantan
K Yellow Red Chromium Alumel

Osi model

Transport Layer(Truck) Breaks data into segment, Network layer provides IP Address of device and breaks Segments into Packets, Datalink layer breaks Packets into Frames. Frames have physical address(memory register) of two nodes data is travelling in between.

Valve Opening Time thumb rule 1sec/inch for non esd application

Limit switch Sense 8 V, not sense 4 V

Temp Conversation table by vendor for calibration between resistance & temp

Honeywell annual SHutdown PM
Cleaning redundancy check,
Checking panel light fan cables Power

Anti surge controller 

Compressor control system Train tools for pc
Train view for hmi

Pressure Trasmitter

Sensor Strain Gauge , LVDT

Governor

Woodward 505 gets 2 speed fb from Non Driving end, Protech GII takes 3 speed FB from Driving end

Tank farm

Tank Master shows oil inventory Net Volume Gross Volume etc Filling Yellow Emptying Green
Modbus RTU
2 tank master PC for redundancy. One primary active PC, and the other silent in backup mode (hot standby)
GWR, TT, PT, Local Indicator (Via Tank Bus) -> Hub 2140-> Field Communication Unit-> DCS
Tank Hub is Intrinsic safe and provides power to all 3 transmitters.
Parabolic Antena GwR microwave transmitter/receiver and a parabolic antenna
level measuring system is based on Frequency
Modulated Continuous Wave radar. Signal transmission and reception
is achieved by means of a waveguide projecting into the tank and a
parabolic reflector type antenna.
The radar gauge transmits microwaves towards the
surface of the liquid. The microwave signal has a continuously
varying frequency, around 10 GHz for the model 5900S. When the
signal has travelled down to the liquid surface and back to the
antenna, it is mixed with the signal that is being transmitted at
that moment. The transmitted radar signal has a linear frequency
variation.
The reflection from the liquid surface has a
slightly different frequency compared with the signal transmitted
from the antenna when the reflection is received. The difference in
frequency is measured, and it is directly proportional to the
distance to the liquid surface which corresponds to the tank liquid
level

Fieldbus 

FAS Fieldbus Access Sublayer
FMS Fieldbus Message Specification
FMS allows users to send receive data using standard set of msg formats

Spare Parts Interchangeability Records

Microprocessor is used where task is not predefined or where intensive processing is required like CPU
Microcontroller: camera washing machine oven
Microprocessor has external RAM ROM(Hard disk)etc
Microcontroller has internal RAM ROM
32/64 bit OS means it can handle 32/64 bits data simultaneously.
Chip in Mobile is combination of Microprocessor & microcontroller called System On Chip (SOC)
Compiler converts text program language into machine langugage 0^,1
Browsers r programmed using C, C++

Memory Registers

8 bits, first 4 bits contain Operartion Code, last 4 bits Address of Register

1 henry induces an electromotive force of 1 volt in a closed circuit with a uniform change of current of one amp per second

Ku is ultimate gain or value of Kp at which uniform oscillations appear, Tu Time between 2 oscillation

Steam turbine

Radial Vibration
VXT, VYT
Alarm 4mils(101.6 um), Trip 5 mils(127 um) 0-250 um range
Axial Vibration VZT
Alarm 10 mils(254um) Trip 15 mils(381um)
-1 to 1 mm range
Bearing Temp Alarm 127ºC Trip 137ºC
Bearing Oil Pressure Alarm <7.3 psig(0.5barg)
Trip<4.4 psig(0.3 barg)
Trip Throttle Valve Control Oil Pressure
Alarm <19.3 barg
trip< 4.9barg

AOA(Alarm Objective Analysis) data sheets of individual Transmitters their Alarm Values, Consequence etc

Take Permit
Tell Operator to put instrument into Manual for DCS & MOS for IPS system
Confirm if it is in Manual
Connect Hart Communicator-> Online->list of all FF device will apear choose ur instrument->Connect->Advanced Config-> for simulation and entering LRV URV values.-> Click on Ff logo Change Mode from Auto to Out Of Service(OOS)-> Send Config values to Instrument like new LRV URV, ->Ask Operator if reading is correct now if not Zero Check & Flush-> Change the mode to Auto from OOS-> Confirm with operator current reading-> Close the work Permit-> get it signed by issuer

C[2]=0?0:(C[4]/C[2]) means if C[2] is 0, output C[4]/C[2] else 0
C[2]=0?0:(C[1]) means if C[2] is 0, output C[1] else 0
If any of the output of Fanblock is in Manual input to FC will b set automatically to last value for Bumpless Transfer

Clarifier

Sedimentation(Purfying water using gravity heavy dirt settles down water flows up) Basin

Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit
In Power plant when we burn coal it may contain upto 4% Sulfur and forms SO2 gas which if exhausted to atmosphere may react with Water in clouds and form H2SO4 Acidic Rain which is dangerous for env.
Before Chimney we use Nitrogen Oxide Reducer equipment & ESP(Electro static Presipitator) & then FGD unit.
SO2 is nutralized using Lime or Lime Stone which r basic in nature. In Wet FGD Lime Solution is sprayed over SO2 gas(Pump suck lime solution from bottom then spray from middle portion) coming into FGD, it forms CaSO3 Compressed Air is inserted into solution to form CaSO4(Gypsum). Agitator(fans) r used at bottom for proper mixing then Gypsum slurry is taken out and sold.

AAF SW Analyzer Fault
AE Analyzer element
AC Soft controller
AFA Horn Fire Alarm
AFE Smoke detector optical
AFHS SW Manual Call pt
AFL Beacon
AFT detector Flame/IR/Heat

Honeywell dcs

PCDI (Peer Communication Data Interface) are data blocks in C300 and ACE-Nodes to communicate with external devices

Modbuss mapping

Fn code
0 DI R
1 DO W
5 DO/AO W(Start stop from DCS) Force Single,  Coil Pulse time 5sec
3 AI/DI Read Holding Register
Substation to DCS 10.65.54.197/198 Slave address 1, 5 digit modbus register no.
Pump/FD Fan - Read Only(DI- Motor Runing, Stopped,Common trouble alarm,Motor Tripped,Motor Earth Fault,Motor RCU in Auto Position, AI-Motor Current L1,L2,L3, DO Write Only-DCS Start,Dcs Stop

S

K