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CBSE Cass X Science Chapter 16

 


Total coliform counts give a general indication of the sanitary condition of a water supply.

  1. Total coliforms include bacteria that are found in the soil, in water that has been influenced by surface water, and in human or animal waste.
  2. Fecal coliforms are the group of the total coliforms that are considered to be present specifically in the gut and feces of warm-blooded animals. Because the origins of fecal coliforms are more specific than the origins of the more general total coliform group of bacteria, fecal coliforms are considered a more accurate indication of animal or human waste than the total coliforms.
  3. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the major species in the fecal coliform group. Of the five general groups of bacteria that comprise the total coliforms, only E. coli is generally not found growing and reproducing in the environment. Consequently, E. coli is considered to be the species of coliform bacteria that is the best indicator of fecal pollution and the possible presence of pathogens.
  4. Most coliform bacteria do not cause disease. However, some rare strains of E. coli, particularly the strain 0157:H7, can cause serious illness. Causes UTI(Urinary Tract Infection)

Coliform bacteria level in river Ganga before n after lockdown n during Covid 19 period



Credit Research gate Abhijit Mitra



Khadin


Nadis in Rajasthan



bandharas and tals in Maharashtra


bundhis
in Madhya Pradesh

Ahar Pynes in Bihar


kulhs in Himachal Pradesh



Surangas in Kerala



Kattas in Karnataka

Activity 16.9 Rainfall pattern in India


Activity 16.11
EURO I & EURO II & other norms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards




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